英语单词发音规则

July 20th, 2007

英语单词发音规则开闭音节的概念开音节
1）以发音的元音字母结尾的单节。例：be，he。
2）以辅音字母（r 除外）+不发音的e结尾的音节。例：make，like。
* 在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。

闭音节
以一个或几个辅音字母（r 除外）结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节，
称为闭音节。例：map，desk，is。
* 在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

元音字母
读音例词

a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake

在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back

e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese

在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg

i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite

在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim

o 在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no

在闭音节中 [C] clock not box shop sock

u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday

在闭音节中 [Λ] bus cup jump much lunch

在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super

三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

元音字母	读音	例词
a在[w]音后面	[C]	want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前	[α:]	after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前	[ai]	find child light high
o在-st -ld前	[ou]	most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前	[Λ]	come monkey love mother

二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

元音字母
读音例词

a [E]E China another woman breakfast

[i] orange comrade village cabbage

e [E] hundred student open weekend

[i] chicken pocket begin children

i [E]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal

[ai] exercise satellite

o [E] second tonight somebody welcome

[Eu] also zero photo

u [E] autumn difficult

[ju:] popular congratulation January

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate

u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue

在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音，也可以读作[i]音。

四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组	读音	例词
ar ar在[w]音后面	[α:]	car farm dark sharpener
ar ar在[w]音后面	[C:]	warm quarter towards
or or在[w]音后面	[C:]	forty morning short
or or在[w]音后面	[E:]	word worker worse
er ir ur	[E:]	certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday

五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组
读音例词

are [εE] care dare hare

ere [iE] here mere

ire [aiE] fire hire wire

ore [C:] more score before

ure [juE] pure cure

　　are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[E]音，例如：picture pleasure

　　重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。
例如：parent zero story during inspiring

　　某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。
例如：orange very American paragraph

六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组
读音例词

ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play

air [εE] air hair chair pair repair

alal在f m前 [C] small ball talk wall all

[C:l] always also salt almost

[α:] half calm

au/aw [C:] autumn daughter draw

ea [i:] teach easy cheap please

[e] heavy bread sweater weather

[ei] break great

ear [iE] hear dear near clear year

[εE] bear pear wear swear

[E:] earth learn early

ee [i:] jeep week green three

eer [iE] pioneer deer beer

ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they

[i:] either key

eu/ew在
j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper

[u:] flew brew jewelry

ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive

oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal

oar/oor [C:] roar board door floor

oi/oy [Ci] noise point boy toilet

oo [u:] broom food tooth school

[u] book look cook foot good

ou/ow [au] flower house count down

[ou] know row throw though

[Λ] young country enough

[u:] group you soup

our [C:] course your four

[auE] our hour ours

[E:] journey

ui
在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition

[u:] juice fruit suit

七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群	读音	例词
ai/ay ei/ey	[i]	Sunday foreign monkey
ow	[ou]	yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i]。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion	[Fn]	impression nation
-sion在元音字母后	[Vn]	vision decision occasion
-tion在s后	[tFEn]	question suggestion
-sten	[sn]	listen
-stle	[sl]	whistle
-sure	[VE]	pleasure measure
-ture	[tFE]	picture culture

八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如：
　　everyday[ei] handbag[æ] 　 blackboard[C:]

　　有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如：
　　sun太阳 + day[ei]日子＞ Sunday[i] 星期天
　　holy神圣 + day[ei]日子＞ holiday[i] 假日
　　break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒＞ breakfast[E] 早餐
　　cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] ＞ cupboard[E] 碗柜

九、辅字组的读音

辅字组
读音例词

b [b] bike bus bag

[/] bomb tomb

c
c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music

[s] face decide cinema

ch [tF]